The sacrum, also known as `os sacrum` in Latin, is the terminal part of spinal column. It plays a crucial role in distributing body weight between the lower extremities and the upper axial skeleton. The sacral canal, a continuation of the lumbar vertebral canal, extends through the sacrum and terminates at the sacral hiatus, surrounding the sacral and coccygeal nerve roots along with the filum terminale.

Sacral fractures are relatively rare in clinical practice and can be challenging to diagnose. They are often considered part of pelvic ring fractures. Classification systems used in the diagnostic process assess spinal stability, neurological deficits, fracture location, and the degree of osseous injury. Among the various classification systems for sacral fractures, the Dennis and Modified Roy-Camille classifications are the most commonly used. Additionally, the Isler and AO Spine classifications are also recognized in the literature.