Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are a significant issue affecting approximately 1.5 million people worldwide each year. These fractures limit patients` mobility, lead to chronic pain, and negatively impact quality of life. Initial treatment for osteoporotic vertebral fractures typically involves conservative approaches. However, when these treatments are insufficient or when deformity progression occurs, surgical treatment options are considered. Vertebral augmentation techniques are among the surgical options that can be selected for appropriate patients. These techniques, which involve supporting the fractured vertebral body by injecting filling material, can provide successful outcomes in terms of partially correcting the deformity and relieving pain. Both methods have common and unique complications, and therefore, the most suitable treatment should be selected for each patient by evaluating their comorbidities, age, fracture severity, deformity, and current functional status.